Additional file 2: of Cytotoxic effects of ergone, a compound isolated from Fulviformes fastuosus

1D, 2D and mass spectra. (DOCX 12600 kb

Additional file 1: of Cytotoxic effects of ergone, a compound isolated from Fulviformes fastuosus

A summary of the data obtained from MTT assay. (XLSX 10 kb

Antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi of the Sri Lankan aquatic plant Nymphaea nouchali and chaetoglobosin A and C, produced by the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum

Twenty distinct endophytic fungi were isolated from the surface-sterilized plant parts of Nymphaea nouchali and were identified using morphological and molecular techniques. At 300 µg/disc concentration, eight of the 20 fungal extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778) while two within the eight showed activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218). Furthermore, investigation of the crude extract of Chaetomium globosum resulted in the isolation of two known cytochalasans, chaetoglobosin A and C, and their structures were elucidated and confirmed by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC, HMBC and tROESY) spectral data. Chaetoglobosin A showed antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis (MIC 16 µg mL−1), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 32 µg mL−1) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, MIC 32 µg mL−1). This is the first study to report the isolation, identification and antimicrobial properties of endophytic fungi of N. nouchali in Sri Lanka

Antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi of the Sri Lankan aquatic plant <i>Nymphaea nouchali</i> and chaetoglobosin A and C, produced by the endophytic fungus <i>Chaetomium globosum</i>

<p>Twenty distinct endophytic fungi were isolated from the surface-sterilized plant parts of <i>Nymphaea nouchali</i> and were identified using morphological and molecular techniques. At 300 µg/disc concentration, eight of the 20 fungal extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (ATCC 25923) and <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (ATCC 11778) while two within the eight showed activity against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (ATCC 9027) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ATCC 35218). Furthermore, investigation of the crude extract of <i>Chaetomium globosum</i> resulted in the isolation of two known cytochalasans, chaetoglobosin A and C, and their structures were elucidated and confirmed by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (¹H, ¹³C, COSY, HSQC, HMBC and tROESY) spectral data. Chaetoglobosin A showed antibacterial activities against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (MIC 16 µg mL⁻¹), <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MIC 32 µg mL⁻¹) and methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA, MIC 32 µg mL⁻¹). This is the first study to report the isolation, identification and antimicrobial properties of endophytic fungi of <i>N. nouchali</i> in Sri Lanka.</p

Serpulanines A to C, N‑Oxidized Tyrosine Derivatives Isolated from the Sri Lankan Fungus <i>Serpula</i> sp.: Structure Elucidation, Synthesis, and Histone Deacetylase Inhibition

Serpulanines A (<b>1</b>), B (<b>2</b>), and C (<b>3</b>) have been isolated from extracts of the rare Sri Lankan macrofungus <i>Serpula</i> sp. The structures of <b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, and <b>3</b> were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Serpulanines A (<b>1</b>) and B (<b>2</b>) both contain the rare (<i>E</i>)-2-hydroxyimino hydroxamic acid functional group array. A proposed biogenesis for serpulanine B (<b>2</b>) suggests that its (<i>E</i>)-2-hydroxyimino hydroxamic acid moiety arises from a diketopiperazine precursor. Synthetic serpulanine A (<b>1</b>) inhibited class I/II histone deacetylases in murine metastatic lung carcinoma cells with an IC₅₀ of 7 μM

Global diversity and geography of soil fungi

Fungi play major roles in ecosystem processes, but the determinants of fungal diversity and biogeographic patterns remain poorly understood. Using DNA metabarcoding data from hundreds of globally distributed soil samples, we demonstrate that fungal richness is decoupled from plant diversity. The plant-to-fungus richness ratio declines exponentially toward the poles. Climatic factors, followed by edaphic and spatial variables, constitute the best predictors of fungal richness and community composition at the global scale. Fungi show similar latitudinal diversity gradients to other organisms, with several notable exceptions. These findings advance our understanding of global fungal diversity patterns and permit integration of fungi into a general macroecological framework